The Chicago Manual of Style supports two documentation methods: a note-bibliography system mostly used in history and the humanities, and an author-date system primarily used in the sciences, which uses in text citations and a reference list. This handout focuses on the note-bibliography system. If you need a handout on the author-date system, Evans Library Instructional Services provides one.

The note-bibliography system places a superscript number in the text which points to a note, either a footnote at the bottom of the page or an endnote at the end of the paper or chapter. Footnotes and endnotes can stand on their own, but a bibliography is often included at the end of the text, or book, to provide a complete alphabetical list of all sources used in the work.

Copies of the Chicago Manual of Style 15th edition are available both at the Evans Library Reference Desk and at circulation for checkout: Z253.U69 2003. The following examples, quotations, and paraphrases are taken from chapter 17 of the 15th edition.

(N=footnote/endnote B=bibliography)

BOOKS (647-686)
In all citations, use a shortened format for subsequent references to the same work; if titles are four words or more, shorten them as well (see "One author").

One author:
N. 1. Salman Rushdie, The Ground beneath Her Feet (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), 67.

N. 2. Rushdie, The Ground, 97.

B. Rushdie, Salman. The Ground beneath Her Feet. New York: Henry Holt, 1999.

Two authors:
N. 1. Kurt Johnson and Steve Coates, Nabokov's Blues: The Scientific Odyssey of a Literary Genius (Cambridge, MA: Zoland Books, 1999), 125.

B. Johnson, Kurt, and Steve Coates. Nabokov's Blues: The Scientific Odyssey of a Literary Genius. Cambridge, MA: Zoland Books, 1999.

Three authors:
"Three authors (or editors) of the same work are listed in the order shown on the title page. In a bibliography or reference list, only the first author's name is inverted, and a comma must appear both before and after the first author's given name or initials. In a text citation, all three last names are given. The conjunction and, following a comma, is used before the last name" (649-50).

More than three authors:
N. 1. Jeri A. Sechzer and others, eds., Women and Mental Health (Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1996). 243.

B. Sechzer, J. A., S. M. Pfaffilin, F. L. Denmark, A. Griffin, and S. J. Blumenthal, eds. 1996. Women and Mental Health. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

N. 1. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 656.

B. University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Books published online:
N. 1. J. Smithson, R. McLainen, and J. A. Baylar, "Stop This Minute," in Littleton Academics, ed. J. Smithson, R. McLainen, and Y. Chevsky (Amarillo, TX: ATCT Networks Research Group, 1996), http://www.amarilloresearch.edu/users/nn/web- pubs/htmlbooks96/ (accessed April 27, 2002).

B. Smithson, J., R. McLainen, and J. A. Baylar, "Stop This Minute." In Littleton Academics, ed. J. Smithson, R. McLainen, and Y. Chevsky. Amarillo, TX: ATCT Networks Research Group, 1996. http://www.amarilloresearch/users/nn/web- pubs/htmlbook96 (accessed April 27, 2002).

Books published in printed and electronic form:
"Always cite the source consulted. It is acceptable, however, to point out that a work is available in another form when doing so would be helpful to readers. In the example that follows, the print edition is cited and the book's availability in other media is noted" (685).

B. Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders' Constitution. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1987. Also available online at http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/ founders/ and as a CD-ROM.

PERIODICALS (687-705)

Newspapers:
N. 1. Mike Royko, "Next Time, Dan, Take Aim at Arnold," Chicago Tribune, September 23, 1992 (page # & section when available).

B. Royko, Mike. "Next Time, Dan, Take Aim at Arnold," Chicago Tribune, September 23, 1992, 13 F.

Magazines:
N. 1. Tracy Metz, "Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner Let the Environmentalists at the IBN- DLO Institute in Holland Practice What They Preach," Architectural Record, January 2000, (page #).

B. Metz, Tracy. "Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner Let the Environmentalists at the IBN-DLO Institute in Holland Practice What They Preach." Architectural Record, January 2000, 19.

Online Magazines:
N. 1. Jessica Reaves, "A Weighty Issue: Ever-Fatter Kids," interview with James Rosen, Time, March 14, 2001, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0.8599,102443.html (accessed July 10, 2003).

B. Reaves, Jessica. "A Weighty Issue: Ever-Fatter Kids." Interview with James Rosen, Time, March 14, 2001, http:www.time.com/time/nation/article/ 0.8599,102443,00.html
(accessed July 10, 2003).

Journals:
N. 1. M. Fernandez, "Arbitrating Labor-Management Disputes," North American Labor Relations 12, no. 3 (1989): 28.

B. Fernandez, M. "Arbitrating Labor-Management Disputes." North American Labor Relations 12, no. 3 (1989): 14-39.

Electronic Journals:
N. 1. M. Tornikoski and others, "Radio Spectra and Variability of Gigahertz-Peaked Spectrum Radio Sources and Candidates," Astronomical Journal 121, no. 3 (2001), http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/Aj/journal/issues/v121n3/200486/200486.html (accessed January 7, 2002).

B. Tornikoski, M., I. Jussila, P. Johansson, M. Lainela, and E. Valtaoja. "Radio Spectra and Variability of Gigahertz-peaked Spectrum Radio Sources and Candidates." Astronomical Journal 121, no. 3 (March 2001): 1306-18. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/Aj/journal/issues/v121n3/200486/200486.
html (accessed January 7, 2002).

OTHER SOURCES (705-727)

Unpublished interviews:
"Unpublished interviews are best cited in text or in notes, though they occasionally appear in bibliographies. . . . Citations should include the names of both the person interviewed and the interviewer; brief identifying information, if appropriate; the place or date of the interview (or both, if known); and, if a transcript or tape is available, where it may be found" (705).

N. 1. Andres Macmillian (principal adviser, Investment Center Division, FAO), in discussion with the author, September 1998.

Published or broadcast interviews:
N. 1. McGeorge Bundy, interview by Robert MacNeil, MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, PBS, February 7, 1990.

B. Bundy, McGeorge. By Robert MacNeil. MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, PBS, February 7, 1990.

Websites:
N. 1. The Bah'is of the United States, "History," The Baha'i Faith, http://www.us.bahal.org/history/index.html (accessed June 1, 2003).

B. The Baha'is of the United States. "History." The Baha'i Faith. http/www.us.bahai.org.history/ index.html (accessed June 1, 2003).

Reference Works:
The Chicago guide explains that standard reference books like encyclopedias or dictionaries are normally cited in notes only and not in bibliographies. In these notes, the publication details are usually left out except for the edition number, which must be included (unless it is a first edition). When you, as an author, refer to an entry in an alphabetically arranged work like an encyclopedia or a dictionary, you cite the item, or the name of the entry, instead of the volume or page number. However, the entry name should be "preceded by s.v. (sub verbo, 'under the word; pl. s.vv.)" (716).

N. 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. "Salvation."
2. Dictionary of American Biography, s.v. "Wadsworth, Jeremiah."

The two reference works listed above are standards in their fields and are easily recognizable to many readers. However, the category of "reference works" is broad; therefore, it would be suitable to list publication details for many titles included in that category. For example:

N. 3. The Times Guide to English Style and Usage. rev. ed., comp. Tim Austin (London: Times
Books, 1999), s.vv. "police ranks," "postal addresses."
4. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 2nd ed., ed. Joseph Gibaldi (New
York: Modern Language Association of America, 1998), 6.9.4.

B. Diccionario de historia de Venezuela, 3 vols. Caracas: Fundacion Polar, 1988.

Reference Works Online:
N. 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, s.v. "Sibelius, Jean," http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=69347&sctn-1 (accessed January 3, 2002).

B. Enclyclopaedia Britannica Online. s.v. "Sibelius, Jean." http://search.eb.com/bol/
topic?eu=69347&sctn-1 (accessed January 3, 2002).

Online Multimedia:
N. 1. A. E. Weed. At the Foot of the Flatiron (American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., 1903), 2 min., 19 sec.: 35 mm; from Library of Congress, The Life of a City: Early Films of New York, 1989-1906, MPEG http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/papr/nychome.html
(access August 14, 2001).

B. Weed, A. E. At the Foot of the Flatiron. American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., 1903; 2 min., 19 sec.; 35 mm. From Library of Congress. The Life of a City: Early Films of New York, 1898-1906. MPEG, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/papr/nychome.html
(accessed August 14, 2001).

Slides, Filmstrips, and Videos:
N. 1. Louis J. Mihalyi, Landscapes of Zambia, Central Africa (Santa Barbara, CA: Visual Education, 1975), slides.

B. Mihalyi, Louis J. Landscapes of Zambia, Central Africa. Santa Barbara, CA: Visual Education, 1975. Slides.